Squirrels may look playful and carefree, but they have a well-organized breeding cycle that keeps their populations thriving. If you’ve ever wondered, “How long are squirrels pregnant?”—the answer varies slightly by species but is generally quite short.
Quick Answer: How Long Are Squirrels Pregnant?
Squirrels are pregnant for about 38 to 46 days on average. The exact length of gestation depends on the species. Most tree squirrels, such as gray and fox squirrels, carry their young for roughly six weeks before giving birth.
Average Gestation Periods by Species:
| Species | Gestation Period |
|---|---|
| Eastern Gray Squirrel | 44 to 46 days |
| Fox Squirrel | 44 to 45 days |
| Red Squirrel | 33 to 38 days |
| Ground Squirrel | 28 to 31 days |
| Flying Squirrel | 40 to 42 days |
When Do Squirrels Breed?
Squirrels typically breed twice a year: once in late winter and again in midsummer. The exact timing can vary based on climate and location.
- First breeding season: January to March
- Second breeding season: June to August
Male squirrels chase females in a noisy and energetic courtship. Once mating occurs, the male does not stay around. The female alone builds the nest and cares for the young.
Nesting and Birth
Pregnant squirrels build nests called “dreys”, usually made of leaves, twigs, bark, and other natural materials. These nests are often placed in tree branches, hollow tree trunks, or attics in urban areas.
What to Expect at Birth:
- Litter size: Usually 2 to 4 babies, sometimes up to 6
- Baby name: Infant squirrels are called “kits” or “pups”
- Born blind and hairless, weighing just a few ounces
The mother stays with the young in the nest, feeding and protecting them until they are strong enough to leave on their own.
How Long Do Baby Squirrels Stay With Their Mother?
Baby squirrels stay in the nest for 6 to 10 weeks, depending on the species. During this time, the mother nurses and grooms them constantly. Around week 8, they begin to explore and practice climbing.
Weaning timeline:
- Week 4 to 6: Eyes open, fur begins growing
- Week 6 to 8: Begin to eat solid food and leave the nest occasionally
- Week 10 to 12: Fully weaned and independent
By the time they are 3 months old, young squirrels are usually ready to live on their own.
Do Squirrels Have Multiple Litters a Year?
Yes. Most species of squirrels can have two litters per year if conditions are right. The first litter is born in early spring, and the second arrives in late summer or early fall.
In areas with milder climates and plenty of food, the chances of a second litter increase. In harsher regions, some squirrels may only breed once a year.
What Happens if a Nest Is Disturbed?
If a squirrel’s nest is disturbed, the mother may move her babies to a new location. She will carry them one by one by the scruff of their necks, much like a cat with kittens. This is especially common in urban areas where human activity or predators threaten the safety of the nest.
If you find a baby squirrel on the ground and believe it was orphaned, it’s best to observe from a distance for a few hours. The mother will often retrieve the baby if given time. If not, contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can you tell if a squirrel is pregnant?
It’s not easy. Pregnant squirrels may appear slightly rounder in the belly, and they may spend more time gathering materials and building nests. However, visual cues are subtle, and behavior is a more reliable indicator.
How many babies do squirrels have?
Most litters include 2 to 4 babies, but it can range from 1 to 6 depending on the species and health of the mother.
Do squirrels mate for life?
No. Squirrels do not form mating pairs or family groups. Males and females separate after mating, and the female raises the young alone.
Are squirrels aggressive when pregnant?
They can be more territorial. Pregnant or nursing females may become defensive if they feel their nest is threatened, especially around pets or humans.
What should I do if I find baby squirrels?
Leave them alone if possible. In most cases, the mother is nearby. If they are injured, cold, or in danger, contact a wildlife rehabilitator. Do not attempt to raise them yourself without training.
Conclusion: A Quick but Important Journey
Squirrels are pregnant for 4 to 6 weeks, depending on the species. After this brief gestation, they give birth to small, vulnerable pups that rely on their mother for several weeks. While they grow quickly, the early stages of life are crucial for survival.
Understanding the breeding habits and life cycle of squirrels helps us respect and coexist with these common but fascinating creatures. Whether you’re watching them play in your backyard or trying to keep them out of your attic, a little knowledge goes a long way.