If you’ve ever wondered what to call a female deer, you’re not alone. While most people are familiar with the term “doe,” that’s not the only name used—and it doesn’t apply to every species. In this in-depth guide, we’ll explore the correct terminology, why it varies, and what each name tells you about the deer species in question.
Quick Answer
A female deer is most commonly called a “doe.” However, in larger species like moose, elk, and reindeer, the female is called a “cow.” In some species such as red deer, the correct term is “hind.”
Common Names for Female Deer by Species
| Species | Female Term | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| White-tailed Deer | Doe | Standard across North America |
| Mule Deer | Doe | Western U.S. and Canada |
| Roe Deer | Doe | Common in Europe |
| Red Deer | Hind | Used in the UK and Europe |
| Fallow Deer | Doe | Smaller European deer species |
| Elk (Wapiti) | Cow | Larger North American cervid |
| Moose | Cow | Largest member of the deer family |
| Reindeer / Caribou | Cow | Both genders have antlers |
| Sika Deer | Hind | Term used mostly in European regions |
Why Different Names Are Used
The terminology changes primarily based on the size and origin of the species. Smaller and medium-sized deer are usually called “does.” Larger cervids—like moose and elk—use traditional bovine terms like “cow.” European red deer and similar species use “hind” to distinguish from domestic terminology.
What Is a Doe?
“Doe” is the most widely used term. It’s common across North America and applies to species like white-tailed deer, mule deer, and roe deer. The word has deep roots in English and remains a familiar term in both hunting and wildlife biology.
What Is a Hind?
Used mostly in Europe, “hind” refers to the female of large deer species like red deer and sika deer. Traditionally, this term is applied to animals used in royal gamekeeping and has a more formal tone. It’s typically used when the male is called a “stag.”
What Is a Cow?
When deer species are especially large—like elk, moose, or caribou—the term “cow” replaces “doe.” In these species, males are called “bulls,” continuing the naming conventions used in cattle and other large mammals. This terminology is common among wildlife researchers, hunters, and conservationists.
Young Female Deer
Just like males, young female deer are typically called fawns. However, after the first year, they may be referred to as yearlings. Once they reach sexual maturity, they are referred to by their adult term—doe, hind, or cow—based on species.
Cultural and Linguistic Differences
Different languages and regions use their own terms. For example:
- French: “biche” for a female red deer, “chevreuil femelle” for a roe doe
- German: “Hirschkuh” (hind/cow), or just “Kuh” for moose or elk
- Spanish: “cierva” for hind, “hembra” for female deer in general
Female Deer Characteristics
- Do not usually grow antlers (except female reindeer)
- Lead fawns to safe bedding and feeding areas
- Often form small social groups with other does
- Are highly protective and cautious during fawning season
Fun Fact: Female Reindeer Grow Antlers
Unlike most deer species, female reindeer (caribou) grow antlers. They use them to protect feeding areas in the winter when pregnant, and they retain them longer than males. This makes reindeer the only cervid where females consistently have antlers.
Conclusion
In most deer species, a female is called a “doe.” But as size and cultural context shift, so does the name. “Hind” applies to large European species like red deer, and “cow” is used for massive animals like moose and elk. Understanding the correct term not only improves your vocabulary—it reflects respect for the diversity and tradition within the deer family. Whether you’re a hunter, biologist, or simply a wildlife enthusiast, using the right terminology helps you communicate more clearly and appreciate the nuances of these incredible animals.
Got a favorite species or curious about antler growth in females? Let us know in the comments and join the discussion!